All About Colorectal Cancer and Screening Tests
Cancer, including colorectal cancer, constitutes a significant global health burden, with millions of new cases diagnosed annually. Colorectal cancer ranks among the most prevalent cancers worldwide, accounting for a substantial number of cancer-related deaths each year.
While the exact prevalence rates vary by country and region, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that colorectal cancer accounts for over 1.9 million new cases and 900,000 deaths annually worldwide.
However, through appropriate and early colorectal cancer screening tests, individuals can detect precancerous polyps or early-stage cancers, enabling prompt medical intervention and potentially preventing the progression to advanced disease stages. Thus, advocating for and embracing timely screening for colorectal cancer is paramount in the ongoing battle against this pervasive and potentially deadly illness.
What is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer emerges from abnormal cell growth within the colon or rectum, which are integral components of the digestive system:
- The colon, the initial and most extensive segment of the large intestine, plays a vital role in absorbing water and certain nutrients from ingested food.
- It facilitates the transformation of residual waste into feces (stool).
- Situated at the lower end of the large intestine, the rectum serves as a reservoir for stool storage.
- Colon cancer originates in the colon, whereas rectal cancer begins in the rectum. Collectively, tumors affecting either of these regions are referred to as colorectal cancer.
- Furthermore, Polyps, abnormal growths in the colon or rectum, may develop over time, potentially progressing to cancerous stages. Screening tests are pivotal in identifying and removing polyps before they become cancerous, thus facilitating early detection and optimal treatment outcomes for colorectal cancer.
Also Read: How To Prevent Colon Cancer?
What are the parameters for colorectal cancer screening tests?
Regular screening for colorectal cancer is key in preventing the development of cancerous polyps. It’s essential to discuss with your physician when to initiate screening based on your age and family history of the disease.
As per the outlined guidelines, individuals should commence colorectal cancer screening earlier or undergo screening more frequently if they possess any of the following risk factors:
- A previous diagnosis of colorectal cancer or adenomatous polyps.
- A major family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, such as instances occurring in a first-degree relative below the age of 60 or in two first-degree relatives of any age. First-degree relatives include parents, siblings, or children.
- A personal history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).
- A family history of any hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome, like familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), Lynch syndrome, or other similar syndromes.
- In case where there is a personal or family history of colorectal polyps or cancer, screening must begin at age 40 or even possibly earlier in certain situations.
- Both men and women should consider undergoing screening, as colorectal polyps and cancer can impact individuals of all genders.
Also Read: What Are The Different Types Of Colorectal Surgery?
What are the various types of screening for colorectal cancer?
Various tests are utilized for the screening of colorectal cancer.
Below is a compilation of the most common screening tests, along with the recommended frequency of their administration:
- Colonoscopy: This procedure enables a physician to examine the entire rectum and colon of a sedated patient. A flexible, illuminated tube known as a colonoscope is gently inserted into the rectum and navigated through the colon to detect any polyps or signs of cancer. During a colonoscopy, the doctor can extract polyps or other tissues for further analysis (refer to “Biopsy” in the Diagnosis section). Removing polyps through this procedure can potentially prevent the onset of colorectal cancer.
While colonoscopy is the preferred method, as can see and take samples, it has its own risks and is expensive. Therefore, our colorectal expert Dr. Daniel Serralta recommends taking up other alternative screening options as well for appropriate diagnosis and detection of the condition.
- Fecal occult blood test (FOBT): This test is considered the gold standard in colorectal cancer screening method for colorectal cancer. Administered at home, it aims to identify blood in the stool, potentially indicating the presence of large polyps or cancer. If this test is selected, it should be performed annually. A positive result requires further evaluation with a colonoscopy.
- Stool DNA Tests: These tests involve the analysis of DNA extracted from a stool sample to detect signs of cancer. By identifying specific DNA changes associated with polyps and cancers, this test helps determine the need for a colonoscopy.
Want to know more about colorectal cancer screening?
Our colorectal surgeon Dr. Daniel Serralta is here to guide you.
Don’t leave your colon health to chance. If you’re ready to take a proactive approach and understand more about colorectal cancer screening options, our very own colorectal surgeon, Dr. Daniel Serralta, is here to answer your questions and guide you through the different types of screening tests and their processes.
So, don’t hesitate to reach out and take proactive steps towards safeguarding your well-being.